M-CSF, also called CSF1, consists of a 14-amino acid peptide, longer than the usual 8-to-11 mer recognized by most CTLs. The M-CSF gene is mapped to 1p21-p13 and contains 10 exons and 9 introns spanning 20 kb1. Although it is a single-copy gene, its expression results in the synthesis of several mRNAs, ranging in size from about 1.5 to 4.5 kb2. There are 2 forms of M-CSF, with 224 and 522 amino acids, resulting from alternative splicing3. Furthermore, M-CSF has a role in development of the placenta. Uterine M-CSF concentration is regulated by a synergistic action of estradiol and progesterone. M-CSF is produced by uterine glandular epithelial cells. It had been found that FMS, the M-CSF receptor, is expressed in placenta and choriocarcinoma cell lines4.
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