CTCF (UniProt/Swiss-Prot entry P49711) is a transcriptional regulator protein with 11 highly conserved zinc finger domains. By using different combinations of the zinc finger domains, CTCF can bind to different DNA sequences and proteins. As such it can act as both a transcriptional repressor and a transcriptional activator. By binding to transcriptional insulator elements, CTCF can also block communication between enhancers and upstream promoters, thereby regulating imprinted gene expression. CTCF also binds to the H19 imprinting control region and mediates maternally inherited higher-order chromatin conformation to restrict enhancer access to IGF2. Mutations in the CTCF gene have been associated with invasive breast cancers, prostate cancers, and Wilms' tumor.
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