Insulin Receptor (INSR) pThr1375 Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody

CAT#: AP55758PU-S

Insulin Receptor (INSR) pThr1375 rabbit polyclonal antibody, Aff - Purified

Product Images

Western blot analysis of extracts from HepG2 cells using INSR (Phospho-Thr1375) Antibody.The lane on the right is treated with the antigen-specific peptide.

Specifications

Product Data

• Applications: WB
• Recommended Dilution: Western blot: 1:500~1:1000.
• Reactivities: Human, Mouse
• Host: Rabbit
• Clonality: Polyclonal
• Immunogen: Peptide sequence around phosphorylation site of threonine 1375(I-L-T(p)-L-P) derived from Human IR (KLH-conjugated)
• Specificity: The antibody detects endogenous levels of INSR only when phosphorylated at threonine 1375.
• Formulation: Rabbit IgG in phosphate buffered saline (without Mg2+ and Ca2+), pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol
  State: Aff - Purified
  State: Liquid Ig fraction
• Concentration: lot specific
• Purification: Affinity chromatography using epitope-specific peptide
• Conjugation: Unconjugated
• Storage: Upon receipt, store undiluted (in aliquots) at -20°C.
  Avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
• Stability: Shelf life: one year from despatch.
• Predicted Protein Size: 130 kDa
• Gene Name: insulin receptor
• Database Link:
  Entrez Gene 3643 Human
  UniProt ID P06213
• Background: Receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates the pleiotropic actions of insulin. Binding of insulin leads to phosphorylation of several intracellular substrates, including, insulin receptor substrates (IRS1, 2, 3, 4), SHC, GAB1, CBL and other signaling intermediates. Each of these phosphorylated proteins serve as docking proteins for other signaling proteins that contain Src-homology-2 domains (SH2 domain) that specifically recognize different phosphotyrosines residues, including the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K and SHP2. Phosphorylation of IRSs proteins lead to the activation of two main signaling pathways: the PI3K-AKT/PKB pathway, which is responsible for most of the metabolic actions of insulin, and the Ras-MAPK pathway, which regulates expression of some genes and cooperates with the PI3K pathway to control cell growth and differentiation. Binding of the SH2 domains of PI3K to phosphotyrosines on IRS1 leads to the activation of PI3K and the generation of phosphatidylinositol-(3, 4, 5)-triphosphate (PIP3), a lipid second messenger, which activates several PIP3-dependent serine/threonine kinases, such as PDPK1 and subsequently AKT/PKB. The net effect of this pathway is to produce a translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A4/GLUT4 from cytoplasmic vesicles to the cell membrane to facilitate glucose transport. Moreover, upon insulin stimulation, activated AKT/PKB is responsible for: anti-apoptotic effect of insulin by inducing phosphorylation of BAD; regulates the expression of gluconeogenic and lipogenic enzymes by controlling the activity of the winged helix or forkhead (FOX) class of transcription factors. Another pathway regulated by PI3K-AKT/PKB activation is mTORC1 signaling pathway which regulates cell growth and metabolism and integrates signals from insulin. AKT mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 thereby activating mTORC1 pathway. The Ras/RAF/MAP2K/MAPK pathway is mainly involved in mediating cell growth, survival and cellular differentiation of insulin. Phosphorylated IRS1 recruits GRB2/SOS complex, which triggers the activation of the Ras/RAF/MAP2K/MAPK pathway. In addition to binding insulin, the insulin receptor can bind insulin-like growth factors (IGFI and IGFII). Isoform Short has a higher affinity for IGFII binding. When present in a hybrid receptor with IGF1R, binds IGF1. Ref.40 shows that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Long are activated with a high affinity by IGF1, with low affinity by IGF2 and not significantly activated by insulin, and that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Short are activated by IGF1, IGF2 and insulin. In contrast, Ref.46 shows that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Long and hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Short have similar binding characteristics, both bind IGF1 and have a low affinity for insulin.
• Synonyms: Insulin Receptor