Interleukin-34 (IL-34) was identified through a functional screening of a library of secreted proteins after transfection of an embryonic kidney cell line with recombinant cDNAs. Flow cytometry and monocyte viability assays demonstrated increased survival and/or proliferation of monocytes induced by IL-34 and specific binding of IL-34 to CD14+ monocytes. IL-34 is a second ligand to the colony stimulating factor (CSF)-1 receptor in addition to CSF1. Like CSF1, IL-34 stimulates phosphorylation of ERK1 and ERK2 in human monocytes and induces differentiation of bone marrow cells into macrophages. Despite its predicted molecular weight, IL-34 will often run at higher molecular weight in SDS-PAGE.
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Western blot analysis of IL-34 in human brain tissue lysate with IL-34 antibody at 0.25 µg/ml in (A) the absence and (B) the presence of blocking peptide.
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