Communication in the nervous system is dependent on the exocytosis of neurotransmitter-containing synaptic vesicles that release their contents at the synapses following membrane depolarization. Synaptophysin (SYP) is a major 38 kDa tetraspan membrane protein of small synaptic vesicles that plays an essential role in targeting synaptic vesicles to the presynaptic membrane. Synaptophysin directly interacts with the essential membrane fusion v-SNARE protein, synaptobrevin/VAMP2, and targets it to the presynaptic membrane (PMID: 14528015). Thus, synaptophysin is required for proper targeting of VAMP2 and synaptic vesicles. Synaptophysin is localized to the trans-Golgi cisternae and then accumulates to the presynaptic membrane in a microtubule dependent manner (PMID: 8227215).
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