System xc- is a cystine-glutamate exchange transporter that is composed of a light-chain subunit (xCT, SLC7A11) as well as a heavy-chain subunit (CD98hc, SLC3A2), and the xCT expression levels correlate with system xc-activity. SLC7A11 gene encodes xCT which is a multipass membrane protein with 12 transmembrane domains having both termini located intracellularly. xCT is widely expressed in various tissues and exert multiple roles such as pheomelanin production, cellular proliferation/metastasis, Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) entry into the host cells, learning and memory. Because cystine absorbed by cells via system xc- is rapidly reduced to cysteine for incorporation into GSH, the cell surface xCT expression is considered an important determinant of intracellular redox balance. Most cells require little cystine uptake to sustain cellular protein biosynthesis and GSH production, however this is different in cancer cells which generate high ROS levels via enhanced metabolism and require high GSH levels to survive oxidative stress. Accordingly, xCT is expressed at high levels in various malignant tumors including leukemias, lymphomas, Karposi's sarcoma, pancreatic cancer, and brain cancer.
Synonyms
CCBR1; xCT
Note
This xCT antibody is useful for Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence and Western blot. In Western blot a band is observed at ~55 kDa; in ICC/IF membrane and ER staining was visualized in HepG2 cells.
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