Summary: Calreticulin is a multifunctional protein that acts as a major Ca(2+)-binding (storage) protein in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. It is also found in the nucleus, suggesting that it may have a role in transcription regulation. Calreticulin binds to the synthetic peptide KLGFFKR, which is almost identical to an amino acid sequence in the DNA-binding domain of the superfamily of nuclear receptors. Calreticulin binds to antibodies in certain sera of systemic lupus and Sjogren patients which contain anti-Ro/SSA antibodies, it is highly conserved among species, and it is located in the endoplasmic and sarcoplasmic reticulum where it may bind calcium. The amino terminus of calreticulin interacts with the DNA-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor and prevents the receptor from binding to its specific glucocorticoid response element. Calreticulin can inhibit the binding of androgen receptor to its hormone-responsive DNA element and can inhibit androgen receptor and retinoic acid receptor transcriptional activities in vivo, as well as retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation. Thus, calreticulin can act as an important modulator of the regulation of gene transcription by nuclear hormone receptors. Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with increased autoantibody titers against calreticulin but calreticulin is not a Ro/SS-A antigen. Earlier papers referred to calreticulin as an Ro/SS-A antigen but this was later disproven. Increased autoantibody titer against human calreticulin is found in infants with complete congenital heart block of both the IgG and IgM classes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
shRNA Design:
These shRNA constructs were designed against multiple splice variants at this gene locus. To be certain that your variant of interest is targeted, align it with our published shRNA design sequences. If these do not align, please utilize our custom shRNA service.
Performance Guranteed:
OriGene guarantees that the sequences in the shRNA expression cassettes are verified to correspond to the target gene with 100% identity. One of the four constructs at minimum are guaranteed to produce 70% or more gene expression knock-down provided a minimum transfection efficiency of 80% is achieved. Western Blot data is recommended over qPCR to evaluate the silencing effect of the shRNA constructs 72 hrs post transfection. To properly assess knockdown, the gene expression level from the included scramble control vector must be used in comparison with the target-specific shRNA transfected samples.
For non-conforming shRNA, requests for replacement product must be made within ninety (90) days from the date of delivery of the shRNA kit. To arrange for a free replacement with newly designed constructs, please contact Technical Services at techsupport@origene.com. Please provide your data indicating the transfection efficiency and measurement of gene expression knockdown compared to the scrambled shRNA control (Western Blot data preferred).
* Delivery time in business days.Occasional delay may occur due to complexity of the constructs.
shRNA Citations:
Identification and Cytoprotective Function of a Novel Nestin Isoform, Nes-S, in Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons, Peng-Han Su, Chih-Cheng Chen, Ya-Fan Chang, Zong-Ruei Wong, Kai-Wei Chang, Bu-Miin Huang, and Hsi-Yuan Yang,
J. Biol. Chem., Mar 2013; 288: 8391 - 8404.
[NES] Runx1 and p21 synergistically limit the extent of hair follicle stem cell quiescence in vivo, Jayhun Lee, Charlene S. L. Hoi, Karin C. Lilja, Brian S. White, Song Eun Lee, David Shalloway, and Tudorita Tumbar,
PNAS, Mar 2013; 110: 4634 - 4639.
[CDKN2B ] Role of TRPM2 in cell proliferation and susceptibility to oxidative stress, Shu-jen Chen, Wenyi Zhang, Qin Tong, Kathleen Conrad, Iwona Hirschler-Laszkiewicz, Michael Bayerl, Jason K. Kim, Joseph Y. Cheung, and Barbara A. Miller,
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, Mar 2013; 304: C548 - C560.
[FOXO3a ] Tubulin Acetyltransferase aTAT1 Destabilizes Microtubules Independently of Its Acetylation Activity, Nereo Kalebic, Concepcion Martinez, Emerald Perlas, Philip Hublitz, Daniel Bilbao-Cortes, Karol Fiedorczuk, Annapaola Andolfo, and Paul A. Heppenstall,
Mol. Cell. Biol., Mar 2013; 33: 1114 - 1123.
[ATAT1] YM-155 Potentiates the Effect of ABT-737 in Malignant Human Glioma Cells via Survivin and Mcl-1 Downregulation in an EGFR-Dependent Context, Esther P. Jane, Daniel R. Premkumar, Joseph D. DiDomenico, Bo Hu, Shi-Yuan Cheng, and Ian F. Pollack,
Mol. Cancer Ther., Mar 2013; 12: 326 - 338.
[MCL1] Fsp27/CIDEC is a CREB target gene induced during early fasting in liver and regulated by FA oxidation rate, Anna Vilà-Brau, Ana Luísa De Sousa-Coelho, Joana F. Gonçalves, Diego Haro, and Pedro F. Marrero,
J. Lipid Res., Mar 2013; 54: 592 - 601.
[HMGCS2 ] Inhibition of prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide (P4HB) attenuates temozolomide resistance in malignant glioma via the endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ERSR) pathways, Stella Sun, Derek Lee, Amy S.W. Ho, Jenny K.S. Pu, X.Q. Zhang, Nikki P. Lee, Philip J.R. Day, W.M. Lui, C.F. Fung, and Gilberto K.K. Leung,
Neuro Oncology, Feb 2013; 10.1093/neuonc/not005.
[P4HB] Identification of RNF8 as a Ubiquitin Ligase Involved in Targeting the p12 Subunit of DNA Polymerase for Degradation in Response to DNA Damage, Sufang Zhang, Yajing Zhou, Ali Sarkeshik, John R. Yates, III, Timothy M. Thomson, Zhongtao Zhang, Ernest Y. C. Lee, and Marietta Y. W. T. Lee,
J. Biol. Chem., Feb 2013; 288: 2941 - 2950.
[RNF8] PBX3 is an important cofactor of HOXA9 in leukemogenesis, Zejuan Li, Zhiyu Zhang, Yuanyuan Li, Stephen Arnovitz, Ping Chen, Hao Huang, Xi Jiang, Gia-Ming Hong, Rejani B. Kunjamma, Haomin Ren, Chunjiang He, Chong-Zhi Wang, Abdel G. Elkahloun, Peter J. M. Valk, Konstanze Döhner, Mary Beth Neilly, Lars Bullinger, Ruud Delwel, Bob Löwenberg, Paul P. Liu, Richard Morgan, Janet D. Rowley, Chun-Su Yuan, and Jianjun Chen,
Blood, Feb 2013; 121: 1422 - 1431.
[Pbx3] Rbfox3-regulated alternative splicing of Numb promotes neuronal differentiation during development, Kee K. Kim, Joseph Nam, Yoh-suke Mukouyama, and Sachiyo Kawamoto,
J. Cell Biol., Feb 2013; 200: 443 - 458.
[Rbfox3]
* Delivery time is an estimate in business days. Occasional delays may occur due to unforeseen complexities in the preparation of your construct. International customers may expect an additional 1-2 weeks in shipping
