Summary: Crystallins are separated into two classes: taxon-specific, or enzyme, and ubiquitous. The latter class constitutes the major proteins of vertebrate eye lens and maintains the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Since lens central fiber cells lose their nuclei during development, these crystallins are made and then retained throughout life, making them extremely stable proteins. Mammalian lens crystallins are divided into alpha, beta, and gamma families; beta and gamma crystallins are also considered as a superfamily. Alpha and beta families are further divided into acidic and basic groups. Seven protein regions exist in crystallins: four homologous motifs, a connecting peptide, and N- and C-terminal extensions. Alpha crystallins are composed of two gene products: alpha-A and alpha-B, for acidic and basic, respectively. Alpha crystallins can be induced by heat shock and are members of the small heat shock protein (sHSP also known as the HSP20) family. They act as molecular chaperones although they do not renature proteins and release them in the fashion of a true chaperone; instead they hold them in large soluble aggregates. Post-translational modifications decrease the ability to chaperone. These heterogeneous aggregates consist of 30-40 subunits; the alpha-A and alpha-B subunits have a 3:1 ratio, respectively. Two additional functions of alpha crystallins are an autokinase activity and participation in the intracellular architecture. Alpha-A and alpha-B gene products are differentially expressed; alpha-A is preferentially restricted to the lens and alpha-B is expressed widely in many tissues and organs. Elevated expression of alpha-B crystallin occurs in many neurological diseases; a missense mutation cosegregated in a family with a desmin-related myopathy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].
shRNA Design:
These shRNA constructs were designed against multiple splice variants at this gene locus. To be certain that your variant of interest is targeted, align it with our published shRNA design sequences. If these do not align, please utilize our custom shRNA service.
Performance Guranteed:
OriGene guarantees that the sequences in the shRNA expression cassettes are verified to correspond to the target gene with 100% identity. One of the four constructs at minimum are guaranteed to produce 70% or more gene expression knock-down provided a minimum transfection efficiency of 80% is achieved. Western Blot data is recommended over qPCR to evaluate the silencing effect of the shRNA constructs 72 hrs post transfection. To properly assess knockdown, the gene expression level from the included scramble control vector must be used in comparison with the target-specific shRNA transfected samples.
For non-conforming shRNA, requests for replacement product must be made within ninety (90) days from the date of delivery of the shRNA kit. To arrange for a free replacement with newly designed constructs, please contact Technical Services at techsupport@origene.com. Please provide your data indicating the transfection efficiency and measurement of gene expression knockdown compared to the scrambled shRNA control (Western Blot data preferred).
* Delivery time in business days.Occasional delay may occur due to complexity of the constructs.
shRNA Citations:
Identification and Cytoprotective Function of a Novel Nestin Isoform, Nes-S, in Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons, Peng-Han Su, Chih-Cheng Chen, Ya-Fan Chang, Zong-Ruei Wong, Kai-Wei Chang, Bu-Miin Huang, and Hsi-Yuan Yang,
J. Biol. Chem., Mar 2013; 288: 8391 - 8404.
[NES] Runx1 and p21 synergistically limit the extent of hair follicle stem cell quiescence in vivo, Jayhun Lee, Charlene S. L. Hoi, Karin C. Lilja, Brian S. White, Song Eun Lee, David Shalloway, and Tudorita Tumbar,
PNAS, Mar 2013; 110: 4634 - 4639.
[CDKN2B ] Role of TRPM2 in cell proliferation and susceptibility to oxidative stress, Shu-jen Chen, Wenyi Zhang, Qin Tong, Kathleen Conrad, Iwona Hirschler-Laszkiewicz, Michael Bayerl, Jason K. Kim, Joseph Y. Cheung, and Barbara A. Miller,
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, Mar 2013; 304: C548 - C560.
[FOXO3a ] Tubulin Acetyltransferase aTAT1 Destabilizes Microtubules Independently of Its Acetylation Activity, Nereo Kalebic, Concepcion Martinez, Emerald Perlas, Philip Hublitz, Daniel Bilbao-Cortes, Karol Fiedorczuk, Annapaola Andolfo, and Paul A. Heppenstall,
Mol. Cell. Biol., Mar 2013; 33: 1114 - 1123.
[ATAT1] YM-155 Potentiates the Effect of ABT-737 in Malignant Human Glioma Cells via Survivin and Mcl-1 Downregulation in an EGFR-Dependent Context, Esther P. Jane, Daniel R. Premkumar, Joseph D. DiDomenico, Bo Hu, Shi-Yuan Cheng, and Ian F. Pollack,
Mol. Cancer Ther., Mar 2013; 12: 326 - 338.
[MCL1] Fsp27/CIDEC is a CREB target gene induced during early fasting in liver and regulated by FA oxidation rate, Anna Vilà-Brau, Ana Luísa De Sousa-Coelho, Joana F. Gonçalves, Diego Haro, and Pedro F. Marrero,
J. Lipid Res., Mar 2013; 54: 592 - 601.
[HMGCS2 ] Inhibition of prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide (P4HB) attenuates temozolomide resistance in malignant glioma via the endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ERSR) pathways, Stella Sun, Derek Lee, Amy S.W. Ho, Jenny K.S. Pu, X.Q. Zhang, Nikki P. Lee, Philip J.R. Day, W.M. Lui, C.F. Fung, and Gilberto K.K. Leung,
Neuro Oncology, Feb 2013; 10.1093/neuonc/not005.
[P4HB] Identification of RNF8 as a Ubiquitin Ligase Involved in Targeting the p12 Subunit of DNA Polymerase for Degradation in Response to DNA Damage, Sufang Zhang, Yajing Zhou, Ali Sarkeshik, John R. Yates, III, Timothy M. Thomson, Zhongtao Zhang, Ernest Y. C. Lee, and Marietta Y. W. T. Lee,
J. Biol. Chem., Feb 2013; 288: 2941 - 2950.
[RNF8] PBX3 is an important cofactor of HOXA9 in leukemogenesis, Zejuan Li, Zhiyu Zhang, Yuanyuan Li, Stephen Arnovitz, Ping Chen, Hao Huang, Xi Jiang, Gia-Ming Hong, Rejani B. Kunjamma, Haomin Ren, Chunjiang He, Chong-Zhi Wang, Abdel G. Elkahloun, Peter J. M. Valk, Konstanze Döhner, Mary Beth Neilly, Lars Bullinger, Ruud Delwel, Bob Löwenberg, Paul P. Liu, Richard Morgan, Janet D. Rowley, Chun-Su Yuan, and Jianjun Chen,
Blood, Feb 2013; 121: 1422 - 1431.
[Pbx3] Rbfox3-regulated alternative splicing of Numb promotes neuronal differentiation during development, Kee K. Kim, Joseph Nam, Yoh-suke Mukouyama, and Sachiyo Kawamoto,
J. Cell Biol., Feb 2013; 200: 443 - 458.
[Rbfox3]
* Delivery time is an estimate in business days. Occasional delays may occur due to unforeseen complexities in the preparation of your construct. International customers may expect an additional 1-2 weeks in shipping
