The apolipoproteins are family of amphipathic lipoproteins that plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism. In particular, apolipoprotein E (apo E) is a major component of high density lipoproteins (HDL) chylomicrons and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), which functions to remove excess cholesterol. Apo E mediates lipid metabolism and cholesterol homeostasis by binding to several hepatic lipoprotein receptors, such as low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and the LDLR-related protein (1). Apo E deficiency is linked to hyperlipoproteinemia type III; a genetic disorder characterized by elevated plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels and accelerated coronary artery disease (2). Three major isoforms of Apo E (E2, E3, E4) has been identified, with E3 being the most common in human. E4 presence has been associated to increase probability of developing late-onset form of Alzheimer disease (3).
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